How might railroad workers be exposed to carcinogens on the job?

Railroad workers play a vital role in keeping transportation networks running smoothly, but their jobs often come with hidden risks. While derailments, accidents and physical injuries may be the most visible dangers, long-term exposure to harmful substances can also pose significant health threats. One of the most concerning issues is exposure to carcinogens. 

These substances may not be immediately apparent, but they can have lasting effects on a worker’s health even years after the initial contact. Understanding how railroad workers encounter carcinogens is essential for both prevention and advocacy. 

Diesel exhaust exposure

Locomotives and other equipment powered by diesel engines produce fine particles and gases, including benzene and formaldehyde, both recognized carcinogens. Workers, such as engineers, conductors and maintenance crews, often spend hours in enclosed or semi-enclosed spaces where these fumes accumulate, leading to chronic inhalation. Over time, repeated exposure increases the risk of developing lung cancer, throat cancer and other respiratory illnesses.

Asbestos in older equipment and facilities

For much of the 20th century, asbestos was widely used in railroad construction materials, including brake linings, insulation and gaskets. Although its use has declined, many older trains, railcars and facilities still contain asbestos. 

When these materials are disturbed during maintenance or demolition, microscopic asbestos fibers can be released into the air. Once inhaled, they can lodge in the lungs and cause serious conditions such as mesothelioma. 

Creosote in railroad ties

Another lesser-known carcinogen in the railroad industry is creosote, a chemical preservative used to treat wooden railroad ties. Creosote contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), some of which are known to cause cancer. Workers who handle treated ties or work near freshly replaced tracks can be exposed through skin contact or by breathing contaminated dust. 

Railroad workers face numerous occupational hazards, but exposure to carcinogens is particularly concerning because of its long-term, often irreversible effects. Workers who believe they have been exposed to carcinogens on the job should enlist dedicated legal guidance to determine how to secure compensation for treatment.